Goodbye herbicide, hello weed-zapping robots

Three robots on a field in England have been one mission; to find and zap weeds with electricity before seeds get planted in the cleared soil.

Named Tom, Dick and Harry, the robots were developed by Small Robot Company to get rid of unwanted weeds with minimal use of machinery and heavy chemicals.

Since 2017, the startup has been working on its autonomous weed killers, and this April launched Tom, its first commercial robot which is now functional across three UK farms. The other robots are still in the prototype stage, undergoing testing.

Small Robot said robot Tom can scan 20 hectares (49 acres) a day, collecting data which is then used by Dick, a “crop-care” robot, to zap weeds. Then it’s robot Harry’s turn to plant seeds in the weed-free soil.

Using the full system, once it is up and running, farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%, the company says.

“Our system allows farmers to wean their depleted, damaged soils off a diet of chemicals,” said Ben Scott-Robinson, Small Robot’s co-founder and CEO.

Scott-Robinson said the company hopes to launch its full system of robots by 2023, which will be offered as a service at a rate of around £400 (AED2003) per hectare. The monitoring robot is placed at a farm first, while the weeding and planting robots are delivered only when the data shows they’re needed.

To develop the zapping technology, Small Robot partnered with another UK-based startup, RootWave.

“It creates a current that goes through the roots of the plant through the soil and then back up, which completely destroys the weed. We can go to each individual plant that is threatening the crop plants and take it out,” said Scott-Robinson. 

“It’s not as fast as it would be if you went out to spray the entire field,” he said. “But you have to bear in mind we only have to go into the parts of the field where the weeds are.” Plants that are neutral or beneficial to the crops are left untouched.

Small Robot calls this “per plant farming” — a type of precise agriculture where every plant is accounted for and monitored.

For Kit Franklin, an agricultural engineering lecturer from Harper Adams University, efficiency remains a hurdle.

“There is no doubt in my mind that the electrical system works. But you can cover hundreds of hectares a day with a large-scale sprayer … If we want to go into this really precise weed killing system, we have to realize that there is an output reduction that is very hard to overcome,” he said. 

But Franklin believes farmers will adopt the technology if they can see a business case.

“There’s a realization that farming in an environmentally friendly way is also a way of farming in an efficient way. Using fewer inputs, where and when we need them, is going to save us money and it’s going to be good for the environment and the perception of farmers,” he said. 

As well as reducing the use of chemicals, Small Robot wants to improve soil quality and biodiversity.

“If you treat a living environment like an industrial process, then you are ignoring the complexity of it. We have to change farming now, otherwise, there won’t be anything to farm,” Scott-Robinson said. 

Source: Agencies